What is the context?
The greetings now come from people with Paul. Timothy is named as a fellow worker, followed by Lucius, Jason and Sosipater. Tertius then identifies himself as the person who wrote down the letter and adds his greeting in the Lord.
Gaius is remembered as host to Paul and the church. Erastus, the city treasurer, and Quartus also send greetings. Writing, hospitality, shared work and personal relationships all appear in the final exchanges.
How is this passage commonly understood?
Christians commonly read this as a glimpse of the people supporting and sharing Paul’s ministry. Tertius’s part in writing down the letter and Gaius’s hospitality show practical contributions alongside the work of those more widely known. The names should not be assigned detailed biographies beyond what can be established.
What is our position?
We don't have a position on this passage yet. When our study reaches a conclusion the text supports, it will appear here.